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11 lat temu |
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A propos źródeł... wikipedyjnych ;-)
Casimir Zeglen
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Casimir Zeglen
Kazimierz Żegleń (Casimir Zeglen), born in 1869 near Tarnopol (today Ternopil, Ukraine), invented the first bulletproof vest.[1] At the age of 18 he entered the Resurrectionist Order in Lwow (today Lviv, Ukraine). In 1890, he moved to the United States. In 1893, after the assassination of Carter Harrison, Sr., the mayor of Chicago, he invented the first bulletproof vest. In 1897, he improved it together with Jan Szczepanik who was the inventor of the first bulletproof armour in 1901. It saved the life Alfonso XIII, the King of Spain - his carriage was covered with Szczepanik's bulletproof armour when a bomb exploded near it.
He was a Catholic priest of St. Stanislaus Kostka Roman Catholic Church in Chicago, then the largest Polish church in the country, with 40,000 in the parish. In his early 20s he began experimenting with the cloth, using steel shavings, moss, hair, etc. but nothing stood the test until he made use of silk. All early experiments produced an inflexible cloth which was more in the nature of a coat of chainmail. After the assassination of Mayor Carter Harrison, Zeglen renewed his efforts to find a bulletproof material and determined to use silk. In his mid 30s he discovered a way to weave the silk, to enable it to capture the bullet, while visiting weaving mills in Vienna, Austria, and Aachen, Germany.
A 1⁄8 in (3.175 mm) thick, four ply bulletproof vest produced there was able to protect the wearer from the lower velocity pistol bullets of that era. Zeglen himself submitted to a test in Chicago. He put on a vest of the material and an expert revolver shot fired at the vest at eight paces and not one of the bullets disturbed Zeglen. The weight of the fabric was 1⁄2 lb (0.23 kg) per sq ft (0.093 m²).
Tests of the bulletproof vest by Jan Szczepanik and Kazimierz Żegleń in 1901 - Mr. Borzykowski (friend of Szczepanik) shoots his servant
References
^ Article about Zeglen with some sources listed
"Three Grades of Fabric", Brooklyn Eagle, October 9, 1902
Łotysz, Sławomir. "Mnich wynalazca" (Monk-inventor). Polonia (Chicago) Vol. 13, No. 1-2 (2007) pp. 68–71, and Vol. 14, No. 3-4 (2007) pp. 64–67.
Articles in Nowy Dziennik (a Polish Daily News) published in New York City): Kuloodporny ksiądz (Bulletproof priest), May 5, 2006; Polski ksiądz i Polski Edison (A Polish priest and the Polish Edison), May 13, 2006; Od habitu do opony (From a Religious habit to a tire), May 20, 2006.
Jan Szczepanik
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Jan Szczepanik
Born June 13, 1872
Austria-Hungary
Died April 18, 1926 (aged 53)
Tarnów, Poland
Occupation Inventor
Jan Szczepanik (June 13, 1872 – April 18, 1926) was a Polish inventor, with several hundred patents and over 50 discoveries to his name, many of which are still applied today, especially in the motion picture industry, as well as in photography and television. Some of his concepts helped the future evolution of TV broadcasting, such as the telectroscope (an apparatus for distant reproduction of images and sound using electricity) or the wireless telegraph, which greatly affected the development of telecommunications. He died in Tarnów in the reborn Second Polish Republic.
Biography
Szczepanik was born in the village of Rudniki in the industrial region of Krosno,[1] under the foreign rule. The territory was controlled by Austria-Hungary between 1772–1918 after the Partitions of Poland. Szczepanik graduated from a teachers' college and spent a lot of time reading scientific literature and journals. He moved to Vienna after his attempt to advance the Jacquard loom from France (invented in 1801) was rejected by some local weavers for fear of losing business. His knowledge of fabric however, enabled him to create the first ballistic vest using silk. Spanish ruler Alfonso XIII (who used it in 1901) awarded him an order for its invention.[1] Szczepanik was granted awards by other royal courts. The Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria relieved him of mandatory military service fascinated with photosculpture – known also as photoplastigraphy – introduced to him by Szczepanik. It was based on an idea patented in 1859 by François Willème (1830-1905) for producing portrait sculpture using synchronized photo projections.[2] The Emperor gave him a pair of pistols for that as a souvenir.
Before World War I, Szczepanik carried out experiments with photography and image projection, as well as with small format color film. He holds patents for a new weaving method, a system of obtaining tri-color photography rasters, and equipment for sound recording and playback.
Following the discoverer's idea, Agfa corporation produced its Agfacolor reversible paper; color films were also made for the first time, projecting 24 frames per second. Szczepanik's more significant discoveries also include the colorimeter (a color control tool), an electric rifle, and a color image weaving method, together with the automation of their production.
Szczepanik also worked on a moving wing aircraft, a duplex rotor helicopter, a dirigible, and a submarine. Mark Twain met Szczepanik and described him in two of his articles: "The Austrian Edison keeping school again" (1898) and "From The Times of 1904" (1898).
See also
Media related to Jan Szczepanik at Wikimedia Commons
References
^ a b Andrzej Pilipiuk, Paweł Wiliński (2005) Zapomniany geniusz (Forgotten genius). (Polish) Retrieved June 20, 2012.
^ "Photosculpture". Oxford Companion to the Photograph. Answers.com © Oxford University Press. 2005. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
Entry at Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Poland.gov.pl website (either the main source in 2004, or a mirror from 2008).
I jeszcze fragment hasła BULLETPROOF VEST
Dr. George Emery Goodfellow and Kazimierz Żegleń
During the early 1880s, Dr. George Emery Goodfellow of Arizona began investigating silk vests resembling medieval gambesons, which used 18 to 30 layers of cloth to protect the wearers from arrow penetration. Dr. Goodfellow's interest in silk bulletproof vests arose after he learned about several cases where silk fabric slowed the impact of bullets in the bodies of people who were shot. Fr. Casimir Zeglen used Goodfellow's findings to develop a bulletproof vest made of silk fabric at the end of the 19th century, which could stop the relatively slow rounds from black powder handguns. The vests cost $800 USD each in 1914, a small fortune at the time. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was wearing a silk bulletproof vest when he was attacked by a gun-wielding assassin. Because he was shot in the neck above the vest, the vest did not protect him. A similar vest, made by Jan Szczepanik in 1901, saved the life of Alfonso XIII of Spain when he was shot by an attacker.
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Cudze chwalicie, swego nie znacie. Polskie wynalazki (2) |
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